COVID-19 e aerolinee, quanti i positivi tra lo staff di volo?
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La situazione internazionale dei contagiati è in costante aggiornamento ed i dati i OMS (fonte: Health Emergency Dashboard, 11 Maggio, ore 09.27 am) riportano come a livello globale siano stati registrati 3.976.043 casi dall'inizio dell'epidemia, con 277.708 decessi.
Ma quanti di questi sono stati riportati tra il personale di volo? Tra piloti e assistenti di volo che operano e/o hanno volato dall'inizio del COVID-19, nelle cabine passeggeri e/o isolati nei cockpit, alla guida di pilotaggio? I media hanno segnalato la morte di almeno un pilota e di un assistente di volo ed il contagio di altri anche in alcune aerolinee “orientali” ed “americane”, ma dati precisi e aggiornati non sono stati ancora rilevati/riportati/segnalati.
Organismi sovranazionali, come IATA, ICAO, FAA ed EASA, e quelli nazionali in rappresentanza dei piloti, come ALPA, APA, ANPAC e altri, hanno variamente proposto linee guida per lo staff di bordo. Anche se il traffico aereo nel mondo è calato di oltre il 90% il rischio contagio a bordo degli aeromobili è e sarà una realtà quotidiana e continuerà a proporsi alla ripresa dei voli, nel dopo COVID-19.
Almeno fino all'utilizzo/adozione di un vaccino “precauzionale”. Ecco, comunque, un elenco delle prescrizioni proposte da EASA.
-EASA updated list of airports located in affected areas with high risk of transmission of the COVID-19 infection;
-EASA- COVID-19: Updated Interim Occupational Health and Safety Guidance for Air Carriers and Crews (04/17/20);
EASA- Transporting Cargo on Transport-Category Airplanes Configured to Carry Passengers (04/15/20)
Airlines and cabin crew should review CDC’s Infection Control Guidelines for Cabin Crew
CDC recommends that companies review and update, as needed, their personal protection policies and communicate and train employees on how to manage sick travelers.
CDC recommends the following measures for cabin crew to protect themselves and others, manage a sick traveler, clean contaminated areas, and take actions after a flight.
Practice routine handwashing.
Wash hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, particularly after assisting sick travelers or touching potentially contaminated body fluids or surfaces; after coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose; after using the restroom; and before preparing or serving food or beverages.
Use alcohol-based hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol) if soap and water are not available.
Airlines should consider providing alcohol-based hand sanitizer to cabin and flight crews for their personal use.
Identify sick travelers who meet the above description.
Minimize contact between passengers and cabin crew and the sick person. If possible, separate the sick person from others (by a distance of 2 meters or 6 feet, ideally) and designate one crew member to serve the sick person.
Offer a facemask, if available and if the sick person can tolerate it. If a facemask is not available or cannot be tolerated, ask the sick person to cover their mouth and nose with tissues when coughing or sneezing.
Treat all body fluids (such as respiratory secretions, diarrhea, vomit, or blood) as infectious.
Wear disposable medical gloves when tending to a sick traveler or touching body fluids or potentially contaminated surfaces. Remove gloves carefully [PDF – 1 page] to avoid contaminating yourself, then wash hands.
When tending to a sick traveler who has fever, persistent cough, or difficulty breathing, use additional personal protective equipment (PPE) in the Universal Precaution Kit [PDF – 1 page]: face mask, eye protection, and a gown to cover clothing. Ensure an adequate supply of recommended PPE is available during flight.
Properly dispose of gloves and other disposable items that came in contact with the sick person or body fluids in biohazard bag or a secured plastic bag labeled as “biohazard.”
Clean and disinfect contaminated surfaces according to airline protocol.
After arrival, CDC Quarantine Station staff will conduct a health assessment of the sick traveler’s symptoms and possible exposures. If necessary, CDC staff will coordinate transport to a health care facility for medical evaluation and testing. CDC will update the airline about the results of the testing and any need for follow-up of exposed crew members or passengers.
Cleaning of Aircraft after Flight
If no symptomatic passengers were identified during or immediately after the flight:
Follow routine operating procedures for cleaning aircraft, managing solid waste, and wearing PPE.
If symptomatic passenger(s) are identified during or immediately after the flight, routine cleaning procedures should be followed, and enhanced cleaning procedures should also be used as follows:
Clean porous (soft) surfaces (e.g., cloth seats, cloth seat belts) at the seat of the symptomatic passenger(s) and within 6 feet (2 meters) of the symptomatic passenger(s) in all directions.
Clean porous (soft) surfaces (e.g. seat covers and carpet) by removing visible contamination if present and using appropriate cleaners that are compatible with aircraft surfaces and components in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. For items that can be laundered, use the warm setting and dry items completely on high heat.
Clean non-porous (hard) surfaces (e.g., leather or vinyl seats) at the seat of the symptomatic passenger(s) and within 6 feet (2 meters) of the symptomatic passenger(s) in all directions, including: armrests, plastic and metal parts of the seats and seatbacks, tray tables, seat belt latches, light and air controls, cabin crew call button, overhead compartment handles, adjacent walls, bulkheads, windows and window shades, and individual video monitors.
Clean non-porous (hard) surfaces with disinfectant products with EPA-approved emerging viral pathogens claims that are expected to be effective against the virus that causes COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and ensure these products are compatible with aircraft surfaces and components. All products should be used according to label instructions (e.g., concentration, application method and contact time, PPE).
Clean lavatories used by the symptomatic passenger(s), including: door handle, locking device, toilet seat, faucet, washbasin, adjacent walls, and counter.
Properly dispose of any items that cannot be cleaned (e.g., pillows, passenger safety placards, and other similar items as described below).
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during Enhanced Cleaning:
Disposable gloves that are recommended by the manufacturer of the disinfectant should be worn.
Disposable gowns should be worn while cleaning the cabin and lavatories.
If splashing is possible, eye protection, such as a faceshield or goggles and facemask may be required according to the manufacture’s label.
General Recommendations during the Enhanced Cleaning Process:
Ground and cleaning crews should not board the plane until all travelers have disembarked.
Ventilation systems should be kept running while cleaning crews are working aboard the airplane.
If visible contamination (e.g., a body substance such as blood or body fluids) is present, routine airline cleaning procedures should be followed based on blood or body substance spill management according to , 29 CFR 1910.1030.OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1030.
Airlines should ensure workers are trained on the hazards of the cleaning chemicals used in the workplace in accordance with OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200.
Airlines should train ground and cleaning crews on and require that crew members demonstrate an understanding of when to use PPE, what PPE is necessary, how to properly don (put on), use, and doff (take off) PPE.
After doffing (taking off) PPE, cleaning staff should immediately clean hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water not available and hands are not visibly dirty, an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol may be used. However, if hands are visibly dirty, always wash hands with soap and water.
Airlines should consider providing alcohol-based hand sanitizer to cleaning staff for their personal use.
Cleaning staff should immediately report breaches in PPE (e.g., tear in gloves) or any potential exposures (e.g., contact with blood or body fluids without wearing appropriate PPE) to their supervisor.
Cleaning staff should dispose of PPE and other disposable items used in cleaning following the airline’s routine procedures. Note that all waste from international flights will also fall under jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS).
Ground crews assigned to wastewater management operations should follow routine procedures.
Employers should educate workers to recognize the symptoms of COVID-19 and provide instructions on what to do if they develop symptoms.
Cleaning staff should immediately notify their supervisor if they develop symptoms of COVID-19.